Monday, 10 May 2010

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HOME of multicellularity According to the most recent study of Kirk in 2003, there have been tracks where possibly come multicellularity. To learn about the origin of multicellularity, previously had to speculate, as occurred in obscure circumstances, we can only imagine how the body would suddenly went from unicellular to multicellular. And here is where the family known Volvocaceae, home Chlamydomonas and Volvox with over 9 genera and 40 species, we have opened the panorama of study. They give us an idea of how it went from being single-celled Chlamydomonas, a multicellular Volvox. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of genes in the nucleus and chloroplasts (Coleman, 1999, Nozaki et al., 1999.2000) indicates that the family Volvocaceae constitutes a coherent monophyletic group, single-celled ancestor who is closely related to modern Chlamydomonas reinhardii (Coleman and Mai, 1997). In fact this study shows that C. reinhardii is more closely related than the other volvocaceanos Chlamydomonas (Bucheim and Chapman 1991, Buchheim et al. 1994, 1996, Larson et al., 1992, Coleman and Mai, 1997 Pr schols et al., 2001). In fact, have estimated that C. reinhardii is more related to Volvox carteri. All this indicates that algae are more volvocines genomic evidence of coming from the unicellular to the multicellular today that members with the highest number of multicellularity. Several studies have concluded that the genus is polyphyletic olvox V (Larson et al., 1992, Nozaki et al., 1995, 1999, 2000, Coleman 1999). In fact, a recent study shows that 11 species of Volvox are in five different lineages. But this is not something that was not anticipated, since the same differences between species and indicated a polyphyletic group. However, Volvox is not the only taxon polyphyletic.For example, phylogenetic reconstruction is based on the long sequence of subunits of rubisco (rbcL) shows that Eudorina, Pleodorina and Volvox are closely related, but...
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10. CHANGES IN THE POLITICAL FIELD THE STATE AND THE CITIZEN When studying the particular nature of the different kinds of governments, the first question that occurs is to know what is meant by state. In common parlance this word is very misleading, and act according to some emanation of the State, others considered as the act of an oligarchic minority or a tyrant.However, the politician and the legislature did not take into account other than the State in all its work, and the government is only one organization imposed on all members of the State. But as the State, as well as any other complete system consists of many parts, an aggregate of elements, it is absolutely necessary to investigate first of all what is the citizen, since citizens are more or less number of elements of the State. And so we know first who can give the name of a citizen and what it means, and often controversial issue on which opinions are not unanimous, taking by citizens in a democracy often is not an oligarchic state. Descartes argument for those citizens who are only under an accidental title, such as those declared such by a decree. 84 Home depends not only on being a citizen, because that same part of foreigners living and slaves.Nor is a citizen for the simple right to appear before the courts as plaintiff or defendant, because this right can be conferred by a mere trade agreement. The home and the right to bring legal action may, therefore, people who have them are not citizens. At best, what is done in some states is to limit the enjoyment of this right in respect of homes, forcing them to provide security, thereby restricting the right given to them. Young people who have not yet reached the age of civic registration,...